Nyuma yimyaka itari mike yiterambere, ibikoresho-byamashanyarazi-biturika bituruka kumashanyarazi byateye imbere cyane.Amashanyarazi yamakara yikoranabuhanga, sisitemu yo kugenzura umutekano wamakara nibindi bicuruzwa byikora bigeze kurwego runaka.Ikoranabuhanga rya Mechatronics hamwe na tekinoroji ya elegitoroniki yo kugenzura ikoreshwa mu birombe by'amakara.Imashini zitwara abantu mu nsi, imashini zizamura hamwe n’imashini zicukura amakara zatangiye gukoreshwa cyane.Twakagombye kuvuga ko nyuma yimyaka yiterambere, hashyizweho uburyo bwuzuye bwo gukora ibicuruzwa bituruka kumashanyarazi biturika biturika, ibyo bikaba ahanini byujuje ibyifuzo byiterambere bikenerwa n’ibirombe by’amakara yo munsi y’amashanyarazi no gukwirakwiza, gukoresha imashini zikoreshwa mu kuzimu, no kugenzura no kurinda.
Mu myaka yashize, ibicuruzwa bituruka ku mashanyarazi biturika bituruka ku birombe byaguwe mu buryo no mu bisobanuro, nk'ibishobora guturika biturutse hejuru kandi bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito biturika bituruka ku birombe. imbaraga za voltage zihinduranya ibirombe nibindi bicuruzwa bishya byikoranabuhanga.Yarakoreshejwe kandi mu kuzimu mu birombe by'amakara.Kubera icyifuzo gikomeje kandi gihamye, igihugu cyanjye gicukura amabuye y'agaciro y’amashanyarazi cyagize inganda nini cyane, kandi amarushanwa y'urungano yarushijeho gukomera.Nigute wakwirinda guhatanira ibiciro, kwirinda umusaruro wo murwego rwo hasi usubiramo, no guteza imbere imishinga binyuze mu guhanga udushya byabaye ikibazo kuri buriwukora nuwukora ibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Nihe nzira yiterambere ryiterambere ryumushinga?Gusa guhanga tekinoloji niyo nzira yonyine yo gutsindira isoko mugutezimbere tekinoroji-yohejuru, yongerewe agaciro-ibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi.Muri icyo gihe, kubijyanye n’inyungu rusange, gusa binyuze mu guhanga ikoranabuhanga no guteza imbere imashini icukura amakara, amashanyarazi no gukoresha amashanyarazi dushobora guteza imbere ishyirwaho ry’ikirombe kigezweho gifite umutekano.
Guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga ni ishingiro ryerekana ibipimo byerekana niba uruganda rwateye imbere, niba rufite isoko ryo guhangana, kandi niba rushobora gukomeza kuba imbere y'abanywanyi.Iterambere ryihuse ry’isoko ry’ibikoresho by’amashanyarazi mu gihugu cyanjye, gushyira mu bikorwa ubushakashatsi no guteza imbere ikoranabuhanga ry’ibanze rijyanye naryo rwose bizibandwaho cyane n’inganda mu nganda.Gusobanukirwa nubushakashatsi niterambere ryiterambere, ibikoresho bitunganyirizwa, ikoreshwa ryikoranabuhanga hamwe niterambere ryikoranabuhanga ryibanze ryibicuruzwa bikomoka ku mashanyarazi yo mu gihugu ndetse no hanze yacyo ni ingenzi cyane ku masosiyete kunoza ibicuruzwa bya tekiniki no kunoza isoko.Nubwo ibicuruzwa bishya nkibintu byoroheje kandi bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito bito,Ibintu byinshi byingenzi bigize amashanyarazi adashobora guturika biracyashingira ku ikoranabuhanga ry’amahanga.Haracyari icyuho kinini hagati yumusaruro wibyo bice byingenzi nibicuruzwa byo hanze.Guhanga udushya muri rusange tunyura mubyiciro bitatu uhereye kubushakashatsi bwambere no kwiteza imbere kugeza igihe cyo gukura: igihe cyo kumenyekanisha, igihe cyo gukura nigihe cyo gukura.Mugihe cyo gutangiza, iterambere ryikoranabuhanga riratinda cyane, kandi akenshi bisaba igihe kirekire kugirango ucike;kurugero, hafi 50% byicyiciro cyubu cyibikoresho byo kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije, hafi 50% yinganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro zigura ibicuruzwa bitumizwa mu mahanga;40% by'ibigo byifashisha ikoranabuhanga mu gihugu kugirango ryinjire kandi rikoreshe, kandi hafi 10% yinganda ni zo zishobora guteza imbere no gutanga umusaruro wigenga.Mugihe kimwe, ubushakashatsi kumikorere ya EMC ya inverter buracyari mubyiciro byambere, ariko iki cyiciro kiduha ibibazo.Nigute dushobora kunesha ingaruka za inverter zivuye mumashanyarazi no kugenzura ibikoresho byamashanyarazi byabaye intego yibigo byinshi.Bizaba kandi icyiciro gikurikira cyintego ziterambere.Iyo udushya twikoranabuhanga turi mukiciro cyo gukura, tekinoroji iratera imbere byihuse, kandi imikorere ya tekiniki iratera imbere byihuse;kurugero, ibyerekezo byoguhinduranya byogukurikirana, ukoresheje ibiranga guhinduranya inshuro zihoraho imbaraga zoguhindura hamwe na PLC igenzurwa, ikoreshwa cyane mugushira mubikorwa byogosha Mature, kunoza imikorere no kwizerwa byogosha, kandi muburyo bwo gusimbuza tekinoroji yo gukurura hydraulic;urundi rugero ni hydraulic winch, ihuza amashanyarazi, peteroli, na gaze.Igikorwa kiragoye, gisubira inyuma, urusaku, kandi imirimo yo kubungabunga nayo nini., Nyuma yo gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya ibintu biturika, inzira yumusaruro yarahinduwe rwose, kandi yaramenyekanye nabakoresha inganda zamakara.Iyo udushya twikoranabuhanga twinjiye mugihe gikuze, tekinoroji irahagaze neza, ntamahinduka akomeye azabaho, kandi iterambere ryikoranabuhanga rigaragarira mubikorwa byiterambere.Kurugero, ibyagezweho hejuru na bike bya voltage bihuza byegereye urwego rwamahanga ruriho.Gukoresha tekinoroji ya elegitoronike nka PLC, DSP, na fieldbus itanga ubufasha bwa tekiniki kumikorere ihamye yo guhuza ibintu, kandi ibikoresho byinjira byinjira byageze mubikorwa byimbere mu gihugu.Imiterere yuburyo bwo guhuza ibintu nayo yateye imbere cyane.Gusa nukumenya inzira eshatu ziterambere zo guhanga udushya dushobora guhitamo neza ibitekerezo byiterambere byibicuruzwa byacu.
Ibigo byinshi nabyo byemera ko ari ngombwa guhanga udushya, ariko biragoye kubona intambwe.Urebye ibicuruzwa bigezweho, intego yacu yo guhanga udushya irihe?Mubyukuri, ibyabanjirije gutangira, kugaburira ibiryo, hamwe nudusanduku two kugenzura amashanyarazi birinzwe cyane cyane na sisitemu yibice bitandukanijwe, bifite ibibi byibice bidahindagurika hamwe na drift nini.Gukoresha tekinoroji ya monolithic kuri protekeri izana imikorere nibikorwa neza.Ibyiza byo gutekana;guhuza ibikorwa byimikorere ya man-mashini bituma imikorere isobanuka neza, kandi imikorere yibuka yibikorwa itanga ishingiro ryinganda zamakara kugirango zisesengure ibibazo.Guhanga udushya twibanze kandi ku gukomeza kunoza imikorere yibicuruzwa byayo.Kurugero, isosiyete ikurikirana ya GM ikurikirana amakara yo kwigunga ifite isoko ryisoko rirenga 90%, kandi imikorere ihamye yamenyekanye ninganda zimwe;isosiyete ikora miniaturized flameproof hamwe n’amazi meza yo kugenzura urwego rwamazi atangiza kandi yatsindiye inganda Kandi kumenyekanisha abakoresha amakara.Imanza nyinshi zatsinzwe ninganda zikwiye kwigwa no gukoreshwa.Ibigo bigomba guhindura buhumyi gukurikira icyerekezo no gushaka byuzuye mubicuruzwa, gusa urebye kubikubiyemo, no kwirengagiza kunoza imikorere yimikorere yabo.Udushya mu ikoranabuhanga n'uburenganzira ku mutungo bwite mu by'ubwenge nabwo bwishingira iterambere ry’inganda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro.
Gufata iterambere ryibicuruzwa nabyo bifata isoko.Mu rwego rwo guteza imbere ibicuruzwa biva mu bucukuzi bw'amabuye y'agaciro, ingingo eshatu zikurikira zashyizwe imbere mu bijyanye n'amashanyarazi adacana amabuye y'agaciro:
Ubwa mbere, ubushakashatsi bwibanze bwibikoresho byamashanyarazi
igihugu cyanjye cyatangiye gukoresha imiyoboro ya vacuum mu ntangiriro ya za 1980.Kugeza ubu, ibirombe biturika bitangiza vacuum byakoreshejwe cyane mu birombe byo munsi.Gukoresha imiyoboro ya vacuum byagize uruhare runini mu gutanga amashanyarazi meza mu birombe by'amakara.Kurugero, ibicuruzwa biturika bitangiza ibintu bya electromagnetic itangira kubirombe bifite imbaraga zikomeye zo kumeneka, bikwiranye no gutangira kenshi moteri yo munsi y'ubutaka no kubungabunga bike;Ibicuruzwa biturika bitangiza ibicuruzwa Igihe cyose cyo kumena ubwoko bwa vacuum ibiryo ni gito, kandi bifatanije nuburinzi bwihuse, bitezimbere umutekano wo kurwanya ihungabana no kurwanya gaze.Icyifuzo cya vacuum na vacuum yamashanyarazi ni kinini cyane, ariko ubwiza bwimyanda ya vacuum kumasoko yubu ntiburinganiye.Ibikorwa byinshi byo gukora biracyashingira ku ntangiriro ya za 1980 kandi biracyari binini ugereranije nibikorwa byamahanga.icyuho.Mugukoresha imiyoboro ya vacuum, hari ningaruka zo gukora overvoltage hamwe nubwishingizi bwa vacuum.Kugabanuka kwa vacuum birashobora guteza byoroshye impanuka ziva mumiriba, bikagira ingaruka kumusaruro nimpanuka.Ibigo bimwe na bimwe byatangiye kwitangira ubushakashatsi ku bikoresho by’amashanyarazi bya vacuum, kandi ubushakashatsi ku kurinda imyuka y’ikirere bwateye imbere mu kurinda imyuka n’uburyo bwo gukingira vacuum.Ubu ni bwo hazaza
Tanga ingwate kubikorwa byumutekano wibikoresho byamashanyarazi.Hamwe niterambere rihoraho ryikoranabuhanga rya elegitoronike, gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoroniki kugirango bisimbuze imiyoboro ya vacuum kugirango tumenye itangira no guhagarika kugenzura moteri bizaba icyerekezo cyiterambere.Yakoreshejwe mukugenzura kurinda byimazeyo imyitozo yamashanyarazi yamakara, nko kudahuza kwa thyristors.Kugenzura, kongera ubuzima bwa serivisi, umutekano kandi wizewe.Porogaramu ya power-power SCR mugitangira nayo yahinduye imikorere yimikorere gakondo.Mugihe ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bitanga imbaraga nshya mumikorere no kwizerwa byibicuruzwa byamashanyarazi biturika, bizana kandi ibibazo bishya kubiturika bitangiza umutekano hamwe nibisabwa tekiniki yibicuruzwa.
Icya kabiri, guhitamo gutoranya ubushakashatsi bwibiryo bito bito
Kurinda kumeneka ni kimwe mubintu bitatu byingenzi birinda ibikoresho byamashanyarazi munsi yubutaka mu birombe by’amakara, kandi ubwizerwe bwabyo birinda umusaruro w’amakara.Ihame ryubu rihitamo kurinda ihame rya voltage nkeya yo kugaburira iracyashingira kuburyo bwo kurinda imbaraga za zeru zikurikirana na zeru zikurikirana;mubyongeyeho, DC yo hanze ikoreshwa mugukomeza gukurikirana insulasiyo yo gutanga amashanyarazi.Bitewe no kurambura umuyoboro wogutanga amashanyarazi no gukoresha insinga zikingiwe, kimwe no gukoresha ibikoresho bya elegitoronike nka enterineti ihinduranya, umuyoboro wo gutanga amashanyarazi munsi yubutaka uragoye.Hano haribintu byinshi byayobewe muburyo bwo guhitamo kumeneka no kutamenya neza ubushobozi bwagabanijwe.Ibisabwa kugirango birinde kumeneka bishyirwa imbere.Ukoresheje ikoranabuhanga rigezweho rya digitale, uburyo bwo gusesengura imiterere yubushobozi bwagabanijwe mu iriba, kugirango ugere ku ngendo zihitamo neza no guca amashami adafite ingaruka ku yandi mashami akora, no kwemeza ko amashanyarazi yizewe kandi yizewe mu nsi nayo ari shyashya. ingingo ikeneye byihutirwa kwigwa.
Icya gatatu, iterambere ryibicuruzwa bya AC inverter
Bitewe niterambere rikomeje niterambere ryubumenyi nikoranabuhanga, ikoreshwa ryibikoresho bya elegitoroniki bifite ingufu nyinshi mu birombe byo munsi y'ubutaka byateye imbere byihuse.Muri byo, igikoresho cya AC gihindagurika cyihuta gifite ibikoresho byo gukora neza, igipimo gito cyo kunanirwa, hamwe nigikorwa cyiza cyo kugenzura, gishobora guteza imbere umusaruro.Hitawe ku nganda zitanga amakara, igikoresho cyo kugenzura umuvuduko w’ibirombe byakoreshwaga cyane cyane mu kugenzura umuvuduko wa 100kW, nko gucukura amakara y’ibice bikurura amashanyarazi.Mubisanzwe, icyiciro cyambere gifite transformateur idasanzwe yo gutanga amashanyarazi, idafite ingaruka nke kuri gride.Nyamara, uko tekinoroji yo guhinduranya inshuro ikomeza gukura, kuva ikoreshwa neza ryogosha amashanyarazi mu myaka ya za 1980, ibikoresho byo gucukura amakara nka ventilateur, winches, kuzamura, compressor zo mu kirere nibindi bikoresho bya mashini byatangiye gukoresha tekinoroji yo kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije. .Ntabwo ihindura gusa uburyo bwo gukora gakondo, ahubwo inagaragaza cyane cyane no kuzigama ingufu.Kurugero, umufana wingenzi wamabuye yatoranijwe ukurikije urugero rwinshi rwikirere rusabwa mubuzima bwa minisiteri yubuzima.Kuva mubwubatsi bwa shaft kugeza kumusaruro kugeza ikirombe cyaciwe, ubwinshi bwumwuka usabwa muri buri gihe buratandukanye, kandi itandukaniro ni rinini cyane.Gukoresha imashini ihinduranya ikirere bitera imyanda myinshi.Abafana bazigama ingufu mukoresheje tekinoroji yo guhinduranya.Urundi rugero ni uko abafana baho mumaso yubucukuzi bashyizwe ahantu henshi kandi bigakorwa umwanya muremure, bikaba bikoresha ingufu nyinshi.Bitewe no kwaguka kwinshi kwamabuye yamakara, ubwinshi bwumwuka ukenewe mugihe kirekire ni bike cyane kuruta guhumeka.Ubushobozi bwo gutanga umwuka wimashini, urebye uko ibintu bimeze ubu bwoko bwa trolley nini ikururwa n'amafarashi, ingaruka zo kuzigama ingufu zo gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya umuvuduko nabyo biragaragara cyane.Bitewe nubushobozi buhanitse bwo guhinduranya imirongo hamwe nuburyo bwiza bwo kugenzura umuvuduko, birashobora gushyira mubikorwa feri yamashanyarazi no kugenzura umuvuduko muke kugirango uzigame ingufu.Nibintu byanze bikunze gukoresha tekinoroji yo guhinduranya inshuro nyinshi mumabuye yamakara.Ariko kuri ubu, ntabwo iterambere ryibicuruzwa cyangwa ikoranabuhanga ryipimisha rishobora kugendana nibikenewe mu iterambere.
Ukurikije ubunararibonye bwa porogaramu yubutaka bwihuta bwo kugenzura umuvuduko, birakenewe ko ukoresha neza igikoresho cyo kugenzura umuvuduko ukabije, kandi amashanyarazi, moteri ihinduranya, hamwe n’imashini zitanga umusaruro bigomba guhuzwa hamwe n’ikoranabuhanga ribyara umusaruro nka a Sisitemu yo kwiga, kandi ingamba zikwiye zo guhagarika zifatwa muburyo bwo guhuza amashanyarazi.Kugirango uhuze niterambere ryamakara y’amakara ahinduranya ikoranabuhanga ry’amashanyarazi, kora ubushakashatsi ku mikorere y’ibikoresho byinshi bihinduranya ingufu za mines, ubushakashatsi bw’imihindagurikire ya EMC n'ingaruka zo gukumira imivumba n'ibindi bibazo bya tekiniki, kandi utange iterambere ryateye imbere. tekinoroji mubijyanye nubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, gushushanya no gutanga umusaruro wa minisiteri ihindura.Urubuga rwibizamini ruri hafi.
Nigute ushobora gukora ubushakashatsi bwa EMC kugirango ihindurwe ryikirombe gishobora gukoreshwa mu kirombe cy’amakara “icyatsi” no kugabanya ingaruka z’umusaruro w’amakara byahindutse ingingo y’ishami rishinzwe iperereza mu cyiciro gikurikira.
igihugu cyanjye nicyo gitanga amakara manini ku isi, kandi amakara nisoko yigihugu kinini.Dufatiye ku iterambere ry’ingingo eshatu zavuzwe haruguru, iterambere ry’imashini zicukura amakara n’amashanyarazi binyuze mu guhanga ikoranabuhanga bifite akamaro kanini mu kuvugurura amabuye y’amakara.Kugirango twuzuze ibisabwa mu guhanga udushya mu ikoranabuhanga no kwiteza imbere, ishyirahamwe ryacu ryipimisha rizakomeza kunoza ubushobozi bwaryo no gutanga uburyo bwo gupima nuburyo bwo gupima.Mu rwego rwo gusubiza ibikenewe mu iterambere ry’ikoranabuhanga, Ikigo cy’igihugu gishinzwe kugenzura ibikoresho by’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye y’amabuye ya Shanghai nacyo cyakomeje kunoza ubushobozi n’urwego.Kurugero, ikigega kinini gipima ibizamini bya 3.4m cyashyizwe mubikorwa byateganijwe kugirango bihuze no kugenzura ibikoresho binini byamashanyarazi.Igikenewe: Ubushobozi bwo kugenzura ibimina biturika bitazamura ibisasu bizamurwa kugera kurwego rwa 1000kW kugirango bikemure ibizamini bya moteri nini-nini ya moteri nini cyane.Ishami ryacu ryipimisha rizakoresha ubufasha bwikoranabuhanga buhanitse nkuburyo bwo gushimangira kungurana ibitekerezo nubufatanye ninganda, kandi bitange inkunga ya tekiniki yo guhanga udushya no gucunga umutekano w’ibicuruzwa bituruka ku mashanyarazi biturika.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukwakira-14-2021